Nk’ibibanza vy’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu kw’isi yose nk’ibibuga vy'indege n'ibibuga vy'indegegukura mu bunini no mu gusobanuka, uguhanahana amakuru kw’amajwi kwizigirwa kwacitse igice nyamukuru c’uburongozi bw’ibibanza vy’indege, ubumenyi bw’abagenzi, n’uburyo bwo kwirinda. Ubuhinga bwa noneIjambo ry'abantu bose (PA)ubuhinga ntibukiri amajwi yoroshe; zikora nk'ibibanza vy'amatangazo asanzwe, amakuru y'igihe nyaco-, imburi z'ivyihutirwa, umuziki wo mu nyuma, n'amakuru y'indimi nyinshi-.
Kugira ngo ivyo bisabwa bigenda birahinduka, amashirahamwe akomeye y’amajwi akoresha IP nk’NETPAbariko baratanga inyishu z’ubuhinga bwinshi cane zijanye n’ibikorwa remezo vy’ubuhinga bwo gutwara abantu n’ibintu.
Kubera iki ubuhinga bwa PA buteye imbere buhambaye mu bibuga vy'indege no mu bibuga vy'indege
Mu bidukikije bifiseuruja n'uruza rw'abagenzi benshi n'ibikorwa bikomeye bikenewe, ubuhinga bukomeye bwa PA burakora ibikorwa bitatu nyamukuru:
Itangazamakuru ry'ibikorwa– amatangazo y’igihe nyaco-yerekeye ugusohoka kw’igariyamoshi, ugushika, uguhindura amarembo, n’uguhindura ingendo.
Inyuma y'Itangazamakuru– gutanga umuziki wo mu gisagara, ubutumwa bwo guteza imbere, n’imburi zidasanzwe ata guhagarika ibikorwa vya misi yose.
Itangazamakuru ryihutirwa– gukwiragiza ubutumwa bwo gukingira no guhunga ubwo nyene iyo habaye umuriro, imburi z’umutekano, canke ibindi bintu vyihutirwa.
Ubuhinga bwa PA bwo muri iki gihe butegerezwa guhindura ubwabwo hagati y’izo nzira iyo buvyurwa n’ubuhinga bwo hagati nk’inkengeri z’umuriro canke ubuhinga bwo gutanga amakuru ku bagenzi. Ubushobozi bwo gufataamakuru ateguwe n'amaboko mu ndimi nyinshini ikintu gihambaye canecane ku bibuga vy’indege mpuzamakungu no ku bibanza vy’amagariyamoshi hagati y’ibisagara.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ishimikiro: Urubuga rwa IP n'Ugushiramwo SIP
Uburyo bwa PA bwa kera bwishingikiriza ku mahuriro y’amajwi ashobora kugora kwagura canke gucunga. Sisitemu nziza cane z'ubu - harimwo n'izo zishigikiwe n'ibikoresho vya VNETPA - zubatswe ku buhinga bw'amajwi bushingiye ku rubuga, akenshi bukoreshaIP (Itegeko rya Internet) na SIP (Itegeko ryo Gutangura Ivyigwa)ingingo mfatirwako:
● Abavuga bashingiye kuri IP-n’ibikoresho vy’ugukomeza amajwi bifatanya ataco bimaze kuri Ethernet, bikaba vyorosha amawaya kandi bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora kugenzura ibintu vyose.
● Ivyubahiriza SIPbisigura ko izo mpera z’amajwi zishobora gukorana ataco zihinduye n’ibibanza vyo guhanahana amakuru vya VoIP, amaserveri y’itumanaho yunze ubumwe, n’uburyo bwo kugabisha ivyihutirwa.
● PoE (Inguvu kuri Ethernet)n’ibindi bituma gushiramwo ibintu bigenda neza, bisaba gusa umugozi umwe ku gikoresho ku bijanye n’ububasha n’amakuru.
Aya masezerano y’itumanaho y’ubu atuma amatangazo, imburi, n’amajwi yo mu nyuma bishobora gucungirwa bivuye kuri server nyamukuru, bikakwiragizwa mu turere, kandi bikandikwa kugira ngo bisuzumwe - mu gihe bituma gucungera vyoroha no kugabanya ibiciro vy’ibikorwa vy’igihe kirekire-.
Ibintu vy'ingenzi vya VNETPA ku bijanye n'uburyo bwo gutwara abantu n'ibintu
VNETPA itanga urutonde rw'ibikoresho vy'amajwi vyagenewe gufasha inyishu za PA zishobora guhindurwa kandi zishobora kwizigirwa mu bibanza vy'abantu benshi-nk'ibibanza vy'ivy'indege. Ibintu vyose bikozwe n'IP amajwi y'itumanaho n'uguhuza SIPmu muzirikanyi, gutuma umuntu ashobora gukorana neza n’ibikorwa remezo vy’uruja n’uruza biriho.
1. SIP & Ivyiyumviro vy'urubuga
● Inkingi n'Ihembe– hanze-iteguye inking (nk'akarorero, 20W gushika 60W IP inking models) na SIP-ihuye n'ihembe bitangaamajwi ashobora gutahurwa canebibereye ku bibanza vy’ibibanza vy’indege no ku bibanza vy’indege. Ivyo bikoresho ni vyiza cane mu gutangaza ijwi ritomoye no mu gutangaza inkengeri mu bibanza bininibinini kandi birimwo urusaku.
● Igisenge n'uruhome-Ibivugishwa– amajwi y’imbere canke yo mu ruhome ashobora gukoreshwa mu bibanza rusangi vyo mu nzu nk’ivyumba vyo kurindiriramwo, ahantu ho gucururiza amatike, canke ahantu h’ubudandaji. Ivyubahiriza vyabo vya SIP bituma haba uguhuza amapaje n’imburi mu turere twose tw’inyubako.
2. Ivyuma bihindura SIP n'amamikro ya IP
● Mikorofone za IP– vyagenewe ivyumba vy’ubugenzuzi canke ibikorwa vy’abashitsi, ivyo bikoresho birafashagushinga urusobe rw'amakuru, imfunguruzo nyinshi z'ibikorwa, n'igihe nyaco-igenzura ry'itangazamakuru kuri sisitemu yose.
● SIP Guhindura Urupapuro– guhindura interfaces za kera za PA zikoreshwa mu buryo bwa IP/SIP, bikaba bituma ibikorwa remezo vya kera bishobora guhindurwa bishasha ataco bisubirira.
3. Amaserveri ya PA n'Ivyuma vy'Ip
● Imbuga za Serveri ya PA– abakozi bo hagati barahuza amatangazo mu turere twose, bagategura ubutumwa, kandi bagafasha gucunga neza ibintu vy’amajwi, bihambaye cane ku butumwa bwo ku musi ku musi no ku gutangaza amakuru y’ivyihutirwa.
● Ibikomera IP– network-amplifiers zihuye zitwara amajwi menshi, zifata ubutumwa bw’imbere, kandi zituma ijwi ryizewe mu bice bitandukanye vy’ibarabara.
Ivyo bihimba vyose hamwe biratuma haba .guhinduka, guhindurwa PA ibidukikijebishobora gukura n'ivyo ikigo c'ivy'indege gikeneye, bishigikira vyose kuva ku makuru y'ingendo asanzwe gushika ku makuru y'umutekano ahambaye cane.
Kubaka umuti wuzuye wa PA
Gushiraho PA nziza ku nzira y’igariyamoshi canke ku kibuga c’indege birimwo kwiyumvira .uguca ibice n'imiterere y'uruja n'uruza:
● Icumba co gucungera hagati– aho abakoresha bacungera ivy’itumanaho ku musi ku musi, amabwirizwa y’ivyihutirwa, n’ugukurikirana uburyo.
● Itangazamakuru rishingiye ku karere-– abavugabutumwa bashizwe mu mirwi hakurikijwe amabarabara, urubuga, ikibanza co guhagararako, n’ahantu hanze, bituma haba amatangazo yihariye.
● Gusubiramwo & Gukurikirana amakosa– ubuhinga bwa PA bukorana n’urubuga burahora bundika amakosa kandi bugatuma habaho ibikorwa vy’ugusubiza inyuma kugira ngo amakosa ntabangamire uruja n’uruza rw’amakuru y’abagenzi.
Iciyumviro
Kubera ko ibibanza vy’ugutwara abantu n’ibintu biriko birarushiriza kugira ubwenge kandi bikaba bihuye n’ubuhinga bwa none, ubuhinga bwa PA butegerezwa kuba bwizigirwa, bushobora gukoreshwa, kandi bukaba bujanye n’imirongo yagutse y’itumanaho. Mu gukoreshaIP y'amajwi y'urubuga ivuye ku baguzi nka VNETPA, abajejwe ivy’amaradiyo barashobora gutuma haba uguhanahana amakuru gutomoye kw’ijwi, gutangaza amakuru mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa ata nkomanzi, be n’ugutanga amakuru mu buryo buhinduka mu bice vyose vy’ibikorwa remezo vyabo.
Yaba ari ukuyobora abagenzi mu magariyamoshi yabo canke gutuma umuntu ashobora guhunga ata nkomanzi mu gihe habaye ikintu gikomeye,uburyo bwiza bwa PA ni igice gihambaye mu bijanye n'uburongozi bw'ivy'ugutwara abantu n'ibintu- n'ubuhinga bwa IP bw'ubwenge buriko buratuma izo sisitemu zishobora kandi zikoroha gucungera kuruta uko vyari bimeze kera.